Kusiyana pakati pa Die Castings ndi Die Forgings:
1. Kufunika kwa Kusiyanitsa Pakati pa Die Castings ndi Die Forgings (Zopangira Zamadzimadzi):
⑴ Mabungwe ena apakatikati ku China, kuphatikiza zigawo ndi zigawo zonse, amayitanitsa magawo kenako amapeza opanga nyumba kuti azipanga. Chifukwa njira zopangira mitundu iwiriyi ndizosiyana, mitengo yawo yamakono imakhalanso yosiyana; mtengo wake nthawi zambiri ndi wapamwamba kuposa woyamba. Ngati mitundu iwiriyi ya zosoweka sizingasiyanitsidwe, kutchula mtengo wotsikirapo wa kufa povomereza bizinesi kumabweretsa zolakwika zamabizinesi, kukhudza phindu kapena kutayika.
⑵ Opanga akatswiri opanga ndi kupanga. Atha kuvomereza bizinesi poganiza kuti yomalizayo ndi yakufa ndipo imatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe zoponya kufa. Pambuyo potsegula nkhungu ya kufa, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi kufa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ming'alu, porosity, kapena zowonongeka pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zopanda kanthu komanso zotayika zosafunikira.
2. Ubale pakati pa Die Casting & Forging, Liquid Forging, ndi Continuous Casting & Forging Processes:
Chofunikira pakuponya mosalekeza ndikumanga ndikumaliza kuponya ndi kupanga mkati mwa zisankho zomwezo pamakina amodzi. Kuponya mosalekeza & kupanga si njira yatsopano; mfundo zake ndi mbiri yakale. Njira yodziwika bwino komanso yosavuta yopitilira kuponyera & kupanga ndi njira yodziwika bwino yamadzimadzi. Die casting & forging, kuyankhula mophiphiritsa, ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zodziwikiratu kuti apange zomangira zamadzimadzi zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ngati zoponya wamba. Pachifukwa ichi, ma cast castings ndi ma difa wamba samatha kusiyanitsa mawonekedwe. Njira yokhala ndi khalidwe lofanana ndi zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mosalekeza ndi kupanga ndi kupanga "cast-ndiye-forge". Kujambula-ndiye-njira ya forge ndiyofala kwambiri: kupanga popanda kanthu kumafuna magulu awiri a nkhungu, imodzi yopangira zitsulo wamba, ndi ina yopangira mwaluso pogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira kapena makina osindikizira a hydraulic.
3. Chiyambi cha Njira ya Die Casting ndi Forging:
Die casting and forging ndi njira yomwe imapangidwa pamakina apadera oponya ndi kupanga. Njira yake yayikulu imaphatikizapo kuponyedwa kwachitsulo chosungunuka ndikudzazidwa mu nkhungu motsika kapena kuthamanga kwambiri. Chikombolecho chimakhala ndi malo osunthika, ndipo kukakamiza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene chitsulo chosungunula chikazizira, ndikupangira chopanda kanthu. Izi zimachotsa ming'alu ya shrinkage ndi kuwonongeka kwa porosity m'malo opanda kanthu ndikukwaniritsa kapangidwe ka tirigu wonyezimira. Zonse zamakina zomwe zikusowekapo zimakhala bwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zosoweka zomwe zimapangidwa ndi njirayi zimakwaniritsa kutha kwa kalasi ya 7 (Ra1.6), yofanana ndi malo opangidwa ndi kuzizira kozizira kapena kupanga makina, kuwonetsa kuwala kwachitsulo. Choncho, timatcha "die casting" ndi kupanga "ndondomeko yopanga malire," kupita patsogolo kupitirira "palibe{8}}kudula, kutsika{9}}njira zopanga malire." Ubwino winanso wa kufa ndi kufota ndikuti, kuwonjezera pakupanga zida zopangira zachikhalidwe, zitha kugwiritsanso ntchito ma alloys opangidwa ndi ma alloys kuti apange magawo okhala ndi zovuta kwambiri. Aluminiyamu aloyi m’magirediwa ndi monga: zosakaniza za aluminiyamu zolimba,-zophatikizika zolimba zolimba za aluminiyamu, ndi zosakaniza za aluminiyamu zopukutira, monga LY11, LY12, 6061, 6063, LYC, LD, ndi zina zotero. Kulimba kwamphamvu kwa zinthuzi ndi pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa kwa ma aluminiyamu wamba, omwe amapangidwa ndi ma alloys okulirapo. ndi mafelemu omwe amafunikira mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kwamphamvu.
4. Njira zosiyanitsira pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi yopanda kanthu:
Kuchokera pamawonekedwe okha, ndizovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa zomwe zikusoweka zomwe zimapangidwa ndi njira ziwirizi. Ngati tiwona gawo lomalizidwa, zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa. Chifukwa chake, titha kungosanthula ndikuweruza mosiyanasiyana: Choyamba, kufa{2}}zigawo zotayidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala "zigawo zomangika," pomwe kufa{3}}zojambula zojambulidwa ndi "zigawo zogwirira ntchito." "Zigawo zogwirira ntchito" ndi "zigawo zogwirira ntchito" ndi mawu ofanana. Zotsirizirazi nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza magawo omwe amayenera kupirira, kutentha kwambiri, kupanikizika, mphamvu (mphamvu), ndipo amafuna chithandizo chapamwamba (monga anodizing) ndi chithandizo cha kutentha (kulimbitsa yankho). Zinthu zodziwika bwino ndi monga mabalo a injini, ma wheel hubs, pistoni, zolumikizira, nsapato za brake, ndi ma valve a pneumatic kapena hydraulic valve (monga ma valve odziwika-maposition five-away five). Zoyambazo zimaphatikizapo zinthu monga mafelemu a zitseko zamagalimoto, mapanelo a zida, ndi zophimba za injini. Kachiwiri, ikhoza kuweruzidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zilipo. Zojambula zakufa nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi ma alloys; Makalasi ena a aloyi nthawi zambiri amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zida zakufa komanso zopangira. Chachitatu, chikhoza kuweruzidwa kuchokera ku zofunikira za chithandizo chapamwamba cha zopanda kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, zoponyera zotayidwa za aluminiyamu zimakhala ndi silicon, ndipo zosoweka zomwe zimapangidwa ndi njira yoponyera kufa zimakhala ndi ma micropores kunja kwawo. Pambuyo pa anodizing, nkhaniyi idzakhala ndi "mawanga akuda" pamwamba. Chifukwa chake, ngati chopandacho chimafunikira anodizing, sichingapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoponya wamba. Chachinayi, ikhoza kuweruzidwa kuchokera ku metallographic. Zojambula zakufa ndi zojambula zoponyera kufa zimasiyanitsidwa mosavuta mu metallography. Yoyamba ili ndi dendritic monga-kapangidwe kakasulidwe, pamene yotsirizira ili ndi yunifolomu, njere zogawika ngati{20}zopanga zotayidwa.
5. Chotsani malingaliro ena olakwika:
(1) Sitingathenso kukhulupirira kuti kulowetsedwa kwa vacuum pambuyo poponyedwa kungathe kuthetsa ming'oma ya shrinkage ndi zolakwika za porosity mu kufa castings, komanso sitingakhulupirire kuti vacuum kufa kuponyera kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga ziwalo zogwira ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuponyedwa kosalekeza ndi kupangira njira. Tekinoloje yamakampani ikapita patsogolo, tiyenera kukhala ndi malingaliro asayansi omwe amagwirizana ndi nthawi yamalingaliro athu ndi malingaliro athu.
(2) Ma vacuum kufa castings ndi kufa wamba castings amadwala shrinkage cavities ndi porosity defects. Vacuum die casting imagwira ntchito yocheperako pothandizira potulutsa mpweya poyerekeza ndi kuponyera wamba; sichingagwire ntchito motsutsana ndi shrinkage cavities ndi porosity chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chitsulo chosungunuka panthawi ya kusintha kwa gawo (kumene mkati mwake muli vacuum, opanda mpweya). Chachitatu, cholakwika chodziwika bwino ndi akatswiri ndikuti ngakhale akudziwa kuti palibe chomwe sichingapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito kuponyera wamba, amasankha njira yotchedwa "reverse punch indirect and partial extrusion." Amakhulupirira molakwika kuti njirayi imakwaniritsa chimodzimodzi monga kupangira madzi, zomwe ndi zolakwika. Zofunikira za "reverse punch extrusion" ikadali njira yoponya anthu! "Kupanga ndi nkhonya yakutsogolo yomwe ikuphimba gawo lonselo" ndi njira yeniyeni yopangira madzi.
6. Mapeto:
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa anthu wamba ochita kupanga ndi kufa-kukadakhala ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti njirazi sizovuta kuzidziwa bwino, zambiri zimakhala ndi luso la kulingalira ndi kuzindikira.
